Table 4. Detection of T. cruzi antigen and DNA in urine samples and kidney injury during infection.
| POSITIVES FOR ANTIGENURIA AND: | ||||||
| Antigenuriaa | Parasite in kidneyb | Histopathological Changesc | BiochemicalAlterationsd | Histopathological and Biochemical changes | ||
| Acute Phasee | 27 | 9 (p = .065) | 12 (p = .302) | 9 (p = .098) | 9 (p = .095) | |
| Chronic Phasef | 9 | 2 (p = .375) | 2 (p = .107) | 1 (p = .100) | 1 (p = .120) | |
| POSITIVES FOR TRANS-RENAL DNA AND: | ||||||
| Trans-renal DNA g | Parasite in kidney b | Histopathological Changes c | Biochemical Alterations d | Histopathological and Biochemical changes | ||
| Acute Phasee | 18 | 7(p = .641) | 7 (p = .135) | 5 (p = .207) | 5 (p = .207) | |
a
Corresponds to the detection of bands of 75, 80, 120 and/or 150 kDa.
b
Parasites in kidney were detected by H&E stain or PCR. In order to be considered positive one or more parasites had to be observed in two entire tissue sections.
c
Observation of three or more of the following histopathological changes: inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, vasculitis, congestion, fibrosis and mesangial hypercellularity.
d
Increase in level of two or more biochemical parameters: serum urea, urine proteins and urine KIM-1.
e
Acute phase: n = 40 samples analyzed.
f
Chronic phase: n = 19 samples analyzed.
g
Results obtained using primers TcZ1/TcZ2.