Significant pathways linking low maternal childhood SES to increased cord blood IgE levels. Ovals represent unmeasured latent variables, and boxes represent measured variables. Shaded areas represent prenatal social and physical environmental exposures considered in analyses. All models adjust for maternal asthma/atopy, nativity status, child’s sex, and race. Bolded lines represent significant pathways, and dotted lines represent non-significant pathways. Coefficients are listed only for significant pathways. Effect estimates for all tested direct and indirect pathways are provided in the Online Repository (see Table E1). A positive sign indicates that the probability of the categorical dependent variable is increased when the predictor variable increases. ***P < .001, **P < .01, *P < .05.