Effect of overexpression of VANGL2R259L variant on convergent extension in zebrafish embryos. Panel A, lateral views of 2 days post fertilization zebrafish including uninjected wild-type and fish injected with 200 pg of either VANGL2 or VANGL2R259L or VANGL2D255E or VANGL2S464N. Panel B, statistical analyses of the body length measurements of all 5 groups indicated above. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare differences between experimental groups (P<0.001 for VANGL2 and VANGL2R259L as compared to the uninjected fish and P<0.001 for VANGL2D255E or VANGL2S464N as compared to VANGL2). Panel C, Top, lateral views of 2 days post fertilization zebrafish from the 3 clusters identified based on phenotype severity. Bottom, the distribution of the 3 clusters in each of the 5 experimental groups (χ2 test, P<0.05 for VANGL2 and VANGL2R259L as compared to the uninjected fish and P<0.05 for VANGL2D255E or VANGL2S464N as compared to VANGL2).