Figure 6.

Data from an E. coli fed batch experiment; (A) Off-line biomass dry weight, feed-rate according to an exponential feed-profile from 13 to 22 h process time with a μ set of 0.15 h⁻¹, followed by a linear feed phase with a μ-initial of 0.1 h⁻¹ (as explained in section “Culture”) and reactor weight; (B) Linear regression of signals from the capacitance probe; (C) Calculation of the specific growth rate from biomass quantified by the capacitance probe using a Δt of 4 h according to Eq. 19, which results in an SNR of three according to Eq. 21; (D) Calculation of the specific growth rate from the same biomass data quantified by the capacitance probe using a Δt of 15 h according to Eq. 20, which results in an SNR of three according to Eq. 21. “μ cap exponential” and “finite difference approx.” were calculated by Eq. 25 and by Eq. 11 together with Eq. 19, respectively.