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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: Circ J. 2012 Mar 22;76(6):1354–1362. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1301

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Reentrant wavefronts and atrial fibrillation (AF) in transgenic (Tx) atria. (A) Pseudo-ECG showing induction of AF by rapid pacing. (B) Vm and Cai tracings recorded during reentrant excitation at sites (1–5) marked in Panel C-c. Panel C-a is a schematic of the mapped region. Panel C-b shows the cumulative phase-singularity distribution. Panel C-c shows a typical phase map during AF. There was phase singularity (black arrow) in the RA (Panel C-c). However, additional phase singularities are also present in the septum and LA (blue arrows). All of them are represented in the cumulative phase map (Panel C-b). Cai, intracellular calcium; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; Vm, membrane potential.