Table 1.
Patient demographics, past medical history and admission laboratory values for Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents who underwent hip fracture repair in 1988–2002
| No MI (N=942) | Clinically Verified MI (N=116) | Subclinical Myocardial Ischemia (N=41) | Total*(N=1099) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Surgery (Mean (SD))Δ | 83.9 (7.5) | 85.0 (7.4) | 86.0 (6.5) | 84.1 (7.4) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 764 (81.1%) | 87 (75.0%) | 31 (75.6%) | 882 (80.3%) |
| Male | 178 (18.9%) | 29 (25.0%) | 10 (24.4%) | 217 (19.7%) |
| Race | ||||
| Other | 6 (0.6%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (0.7%) |
| White - Caucasian | 936 (99.4%) | 114 (98.3%) | 41 (100.0%) | 1091 (99.3%) |
| Past Medical History | ||||
| Myocardial infarctionΔ | 182 (19.3%) | 52 (44.8%) | 20 (48.8%) | 254 (23.1%) |
| Heart failureΔ | 227 (24.1%) | 49 (42.2%) | 14 (34.1%) | 290 (26.4%) |
| Cerebrovascular accidentΔ | 241 (25.6%) | 47 (40.5%) | 14 (34.1%) | 302 (27.5%) |
| Chronic kidney diseaseΔ | 89 (9.4%) | 21 (18.1%) | 11 (26.8%) | 121 (11.0%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 111 (11.8%) | 13 (11.2%) | 8 (19.5%) | 132 (12.0%) |
| Dementia | 309 (32.8%) | 46 (39.7%) | 16 (39.0%) | 371 (33.8%) |
| Preadmission functional status | ||||
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Dependent or use a wheelchair independently | 101 (10.7%) | 14 (12.1%) | 5 (12.2%) | 120 (10.9%) |
| Walk independently | 839 (89.3%) | 102 (87.9%) | 36 (87.8%) | 977 (89.1%) |
| Preadmission residence | ||||
| Facility (including assisted living) | 347 (36.8%) | 45 (38.8%) | 17 (41.5%) | 409 (37.2%) |
| Home | 595 (63.2%) | 71 (61.2%) | 24 (58.5%) | 690 (62.8%) |
| BMI | ||||
| Missing | 14 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Mean (SD) | 23.3 (4.8) | 22.9 (5.3) | 23.8 (5.0) | 23.3 (4.9) |
| Length of hospital stay (Mean (SD)) | 9.9 (7.8) | 12.0 (8.4) | 9.6 (5.0) | 10.2 (7.8) |
| Preoperative laboratory results | ||||
| Hemoglobin | ||||
| Missing | 9 | 6 | 1 | 16 |
| Mean (SD) | 12.2 (1.6) | 12.0 (1.4) | 12.2 (1.2) | 12.2 (1.5) |
| Albumin | ||||
| Missing | 681 | 77 | 32 | 790 |
| Mean (SD) | 3.2 (3.9) | 2.8 (1.6) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.2 (3.6) |
| Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Δ | ||||
| Missing | 113 | 34 | 7 | 154 |
| Mean (SD) | 55.8 (17.6) | 52.8 (20.0) | 47.6 (16.8) | 55.2 (17.8) |
| Postoperative CK-MB and Troponin I | ||||
| CK-MB | ||||
| Number of patients with values | 5 | 107 | 39 | 151 |
| Mean (SD) | 6.6 (0.7) | 25.5 (26.9) | 10.1 (4.4) | 20.9 (23.8) |
| Median | 6.9 | 17.0 | 10.4 | 13.9 |
| Troponin I | ||||
| Number of patients with values | 1 | 36 | 11 | 48 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.7 (6.5) | 0.2 (0.3) | 2.1 (5.7) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
All data is noted as N (%), unless otherwise indicated as mean, SD
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index
Chronic kidney disease is defined as creatinine > 2.0 mg/dl or requiring ongoing dialysis prior to hip fracture
*
17 patients died in close proximity to surgery without known diagnosis of MI, but were thought to possibly have had a cardiac event. These were excluded from the analysis given lack of objective information to appropriately classify them.
Δ
p < 0.05,
ΔΔ
p<0.0001