Table 1.

Acoustical properties of the continua

Utterance	Proportion of male voice (%)	F0 (Hz)	F1 (Hz)	F1 bandwidth (Hz)	F2 (Hz)	F2 bandwidth (Hz)	F3 (Hz)	F3 bandwidth (Hz)	F4 (Hz)	F4 bandwidth (Hz)	HNR (dB)	Jitter (μs)	Shimmer (dB)	Low-frequency energy (dB)	High-frequency energy (dB)
Had	5	208	935	131	1630	202	2773	228	4348	351	19	0.57	0.68	42	35
	20	192	902	129	1600	192	2749	226	4294	423	19	0.49	0.66	44	32
	35	177	878	120	1558	183	2703	194	4196	572	19	0.42	0.6	43	32
	50	163	851	103	1523	155	2661	183	4056	590	19	0.46	0.66	44	31
	65	151	820	101	1488	157	2612	185	3882	626	18	0.6	0.73	44	31
	80	139	801	111	1460	157	2568	158	3764	384	17	0.43	0.76	44	31
	95	129	786	117	1427	161	2527	170	3690	305	15	0.57	0.69	44	31
Heed	5	211	729	95	1995	205	2914	206	4523	396	21	0.71	0.59	44	24
	20	194	699	89	2003	177	2861	180	4545	342	21	0.65	0.54	44	25
	35	178	671	84	1890	177	2730	173	4257	404	21	0.51	0.58	44	26
	50	163	653	71	1916	190	2711	233	3933	2865	20	0.39	0.64	44	27
	65	149	629	59	1860	186	2696	191	3754	1382	19	0.84	0.74	44	27
	80	137	610	52	1817	154	2639	239	3799	902	18	0.56	0.77	44	28
	95	126	592	43	1782	139	2574	209	3736	917	17	0.67	0.8	44	28
Hood	5	228	506	65	1332	102	2773	143	4381	366	28	0.38	0.49	44	21
	20	207	508	80	1357	120	2724	138	4299	407	28	0.33	0.45	44	22
	35	188	522	70	1340	140	2662	136	4161	380	27	0.58	0.48	44	23
	50	171	511	54	1339	136	2590	143	3981	634	27	0.37	0.51	44	22
	65	155	495	58	1342	163	2534	152	3783	534	26	0.44	0.62	44	22
	80	141	499	80	1351	208	2488	165	3627	340	24	0.49	0.75	44	22
	95	128	483	71	1365	251	2445	167	3502	267	24	0.48	0.64	44	22

Note: F0: fundamental frequency in hertz. F1–F4: frequency of the first to the fourth formant in hertz. HNR: harmonic-to-noise ratio in decibel. Jitter and Shimmer reflect variation of pitch and loudness expressed in microseconds and decibel, respectively. The summed energy between 50 Hz–1 kHz (low-frequency energy in decibel) and 1–5 kHz (high-frequency energy in decibel) was computed from the long-term average spectrum between 0 and 6700 Hz.