Figure 4.

Differences in modulatory connectivity for native and non-native speakers. Top and Bottom, The parameter estimates for each group on the modulations (i.e., naming and reading > saying 1-2-3), between PrC, aSTG, and PT. For details, see Figure 3. To emphasize the modulation strengths, we have changed the scale of the y-axes from Figure 3. We note that aSTG → PT is a trend in the native group (Table 2, bottom). Error bars indicate SEs. Asterisks show significant p values at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).