Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of LIFE-P Participants
| Characteristic | Physical Activity Group (n = 213) | Successful Aging Group (n = 211) | p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, M ± SD | 76.5±4.2 | 77.0±4.3 | .24 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | .87 | ||
| African American/black | 37 (17.4) | 40 (19.0) | |
| Caucasian/white | 160 (75.1) | 155 (73.5) | |
| Latino, Hispanic/Spanish | 10 (4.7) | 10 (4.7) | |
| Other/mixed | 6 (2.8) | 5 (2.4) | |
| Refused/missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Sex, n (%) | .89 | ||
| Female | 146 (68.5) | 146 (69.2) | |
| Male | 67 (31.5) | 65 (30.8) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | .87 | ||
| Never | 174 (81.7) | 176 (83.4) | |
| Former | 32 (15.0) | 28 (13.3) | |
| Current | 7 (3.3) | 7 (3.3) | |
| Education, n (%) | .86 | ||
| <High school | 5 (2.3) | 6 (2.8) | |
| High school | 58 (27.2) | 58 (27.5) | |
| >High School | 142 (66.7) | 142 (67.3) | |
| Other/refused | 8 (3.8) | 5 (2.4) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | .65 | ||
| Married | 78 (36.6) | 89 (42.2) | |
| Divorced/separated | 37 (17.4) | 28 (13.3) | |
| Widowed | 86 (40.4) | 87 (41.2) | |
| Other | 12 (5.6) | 7 (3.3) | |
| Self-reported health, n (%) | .48 | ||
| Excellent | 10 (4.7) | 7 (3.3) | |
| Very good | 48 (22.5) | 63 (29.9) | |
| Good | 115 (54.0) | 105 (49.8) | |
| Fair | 35 (16.4) | 30 (14.2) | |
| Poor | 4 (1.9) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Do not know/refused | 1 (0.5) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Body mass index, m/kg2, M ± SD | 30.8±6.9 | 29.9±6.1 | .15 |
| Abdominal circumference, cm, M ± SD | 100.8±21.4 | 98.8±20.5 | .33 |
| Functional measures | |||
| Any activity of daily living difficulty, n (%) | 172 (80.8) | 175 (82.9) | .56 |
| Difficulty walking one quarter of a mile, n (%) | 13 (6.1) | 15 (7.1) | .68 |
| Difficulty walking 1 mile, n (%) | 82 (38.5) | 100 (47.4) | .06 |
| SPPB score, M ± SD | 7.6±1.5 | 7.5±1.4 | .43 |
| Balance, M ± SD | |||
| Gait speed, M ± SD | |||
| Chair stand, M ± SD | |||
| Grip strength in dominant hand, kg, M ± SD | 26.7±9.5 | 24.0±8.1 | .46 |
| 400-m Walk time (s) M ± SD | 492±114 | 492±114 | .75 |
Notes: LIFE-P = lifestyle interventions and independence for elders pilot study; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; SPPB = short physical performance battery.
*Continuous variables were analyzed using independent t tests; categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square.
Adapted from Katula JA, Kritchevsky SB, Guralnik JM, et al. (20).