Table II.
% (n) | Men % (n) | Women % (n) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Worked in last 12 months | 92.5 (702) | 96.0 (403) | 88.2 (299) | <0.0001 |
Tasks Worked in last 12 months | ||||
Packing/Sorting* | 38.5 (292) | 9.8 (41) | 74.0 (251) | <0.0001 |
Picking/Harvesting | 24.0 (182) | 38.1 (160) | 6.5 (22) | <0.0001 |
Hoeing/Weeding | 33.3 (253) | 31.0 (130) | 36.3 (123) | 0.12 |
Irrigation++ | 8.2 (62) | 14.5 (61) | 0.3 (1) | <0.0001 |
Planting | 7.6 (58) | 7.6 (32) | 7.7 (26) | 0.97 |
Pruning/Cutting | 15.6 (118) | 22.1 (93) | 7.4 (25) | <0.0001 |
Machine Operation# | 13.4 (102) | 23.3 (98) | 1.2 (4) | <0.0001 |
Cleaning^ | 10.9 (83) | 9.5 (40) | 12.7 (43) | 0.17 |
Supervision | 2.1 (16) | 3.3 (14) | 0.6 (2) | 0.009 |
Packing/sorting tasks may be done at the field or in processing plant depending on crop; involves sorting commodity by size and placing in boxes for transport
Irrigation tasks include setting up irrigation systems, laying pipe, monitoring watering in field
Machine operation includes tractor driving, operating other farm equipment, driving trucks
Cleaning tasks vary by the crop. In crops such as grapes, melons and tomatoes, it includes removing dead leaves from around the fruit; in almonds, cleaning involves retrieving nuts left on the ground by sweeping them into a pile to be picked up by a machine.