Table 3.
Vascular Risk Factors and Adiponectin (ln-Transformed) in NOMAS Overall and by Race–Ethnicity
| |
β (P value) for ln-adiponectin |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Overall cohort | White | Black | Hispanic |
| Hispanic vs. whitea | −0.144 (<0.0001) | — | — | — |
| Black vs. whitea | −0.203 (<0.0001) | — | — | — |
| Age (1-year increase)a | 0.012 (<0.0001) | 0.010 (<0.0001) | 0.014 (<0.0001) | 0.011 (<0.0001) |
| Male sexa | −0.075 (<0.0001) | −0.086 (0.05) | −0.029 (0.49) | −0.078 (0.001) |
| Former vs. never smokera | −0.050 (0.005) | −0.015 (0.72) | −0.116 (0.01) | −0.045 (0.05) |
| Current vs. never smokera | −0.031 (0.18) | 0.021 (0.73) | −0.046 (0.35) | −0.049 (0.10) |
| Light vs. no alcohol usea | 0.013 (0.60) | −0.065 (0.30) | −0.004 (0.94) | 0.043 (0.17) |
| Moderate vs. no alcohol usea | −0.050 (0.01) | −0.092 (0.03) | −0.020 (0.62) | −0.043 (0.08) |
| Intermediate vs. no alcohol usea | −0.104 (0.02) | −0.006 (0.95) | −0.117 (0.18) | −0.159 (0.01) |
| Heavy vs. no alcohol usea | −0.113 (0.08) | −0.393 (0.01) | −0.184 (0.13) | 0.026 (0.76) |
| Any physical activitya | −0.014 (0.39) | −0.037 (0.36) | −0.023 (0.55) | −0.002 (0.92) |
| Hypertensiona | −0.057 (0.002) | −0.066 (0.11) | −0.035 (0.42) | −0.068 (0.003) |
| Diabetesa | −0.093 (<0.0001) | −0.109 (0.07) | −0.036 (0.42) | −0.100 (<0.0001) |
| Waist circumference (inches)a | −0.010 (<0.0001) | −0.008 (0.06) | −0.011 (0.002) | −0.011 (<0.0001) |
| eGFRa | −0.001 (0.001) | −0.002 (0.04) | −0.001 (0.18) | −0.001 (0.006) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL)a | −0.001 (0.01) | −0.0003 (0.58) | −0.001 (0.07) | −0.0004 (0.18) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL)a | 0.010 (<0.0001) | 0.011 (<0.0001) | 0.010 (<0.0001) | 0.010 (<0.0001) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)a | −0.001 (<0.0001) | −0.001 (0.01) | −0.001 (0.003) | −0.001 (<0.0001) |
| R2 from model above | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.30 |
| HOMA-IR>3b (n=1388) | −0.060 (0.02) | 0.061 (0.50) | −0.014 (0.84) | −0.083 (0.004) |
| R2 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.32 |
| hsCRP (mg/mL)a (n=2091) | −0.002 (0.06) | −0.001 (0.74) | −0.004 (0.05) | −0.000005 (1.00) |
| R2 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.30 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)a (n=1567) | −0.000003 (0.84) | −0.00002 (0.39) | 0.00003 (0.32) | −0.000003 (0.90) |
| R2 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.30 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL)*a (n=378) | −0.006 (0.29) | −0.034 (0.02) | −0.029 (0.23) | 0.010 (0.14) |
| R2 | 0.35 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.34 |
| HDL2 (mg/dL)c (n=1665) | 0.014 (<0.0001) | 0.014 (<0.0001) | 0.011 (<0.0001) | 0.016 (<0.0001) |
| R2 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.31 |
| HDL3 (mg/dL)c (n=1665) | 0.009 (<0.0001) | 0.008 (0.03) | 0.016 (<0.0001) | 0.007 (<0.0001) |
| R2 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.31 |
| ApoB (mg/dL)d (n=633) | −0.002 (0.0003) | −0.002 (0.08) | −0.002 (0.04) | −0.002 (0.005) |
| R2 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.43 |
| ApoA-1 (mg/dL)d (n=633) | 0.004 (<°.0001) | 0.005 (0.004) | 0.003 (0.02) | 0.005 (<0.0001) |
| R2 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.43 |
| BMIe | ||||
| <18.5 | 0.207 (0.0003) | 0.339 (0.0002) | 0.164 (0.16) | 0.112 (0.32) |
| 18.5–24.9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25–29.9 | −0.069 (0.001) | −0.109 (0.01) | −0.095 (0.03) | −0.051 (0.05) |
| 30+ | −0.103 (<.0001) | −0.051 (0.38) | −0.187 (0.0003) | −0.074 (0.01) |
| R2 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.29 |
| Metabolic syndromef | −0.269 (<0.0001) | −0.306 (<0.0001) | −0.343 (<0.0001) | −0.225 (<0.0001) |
| R2 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.19 |
Controlling for race/ethnicity, age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, any physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, waist circumference, eGFR, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides.
Among those without diabetes, controlling for controlling for race/ethnicity, age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, any physical activity, hypertension, waist circumference, eGFR, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides.
Controlling for race/ethnicity, age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, any physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, waist circumference, eGFR, LDL-C, HDL2, HDL3, and triglycerides.
Controlling for race/ethnicity, age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, any physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, waist circumference, eGFR, ApoB, ApoA-1, and triglycerides.
Controlling for controlling for race/ethnicity, age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, any physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, eGFR, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides.
Controlling for race/ethnicity, age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, any physical activity, eGFR, and LDL-C.
NOMAS, Northern Manhattan Study; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; Apo, apolipoprotein; BMI, body mass index.