Table 1.
Health care expenditure and example PHI formats in selected countries
| Country | THE (% of GDP) 2010 | Per capita HE (US$) 2010 | Public HE (% of THE) 2010 | OOP (% of THE) 2007 | PHI (% of THE) 2007 | Form and role of principal PHI Main system of funding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 8.7 | 4775 | 67% | 19.8 | 8.2 | Complementary (controlled) Universal tax-based with health levy |
| France | 11.9 | 4691 | 78.7 | 7.2 | 13.4 | Complementary (free market) Statutory SHI |
| Latvia | 6.7 | 718 | 64.1 | n/a | 5.0a | Complementary and supplementary (free market) Tax-based statutory SHI |
| The Netherlands | 11.9 | 5593 | 75.6 | 6.0 | 6.2 | Complementary (controlled) and supplementary (free market) Statutory controlled PHI and SHI |
| UK | 9.6 | 3503 | 81.3 | 11.1 | 2.9% | Supplementary (free market) Universal tax-based |
| US | 17.9 | 8362 | 44.9 | 13.5 | 35 | Primary source (free market) Partial tax-based system |
Notes: Sourced from 2010 data, The World Bank;18 2007, OECD Health database, 2011;17 Boyle for UK OOP data;22
a
Based on an estimate using 2001 data.27
Abbreviations: GDP, gross domestic product; HE, health expenditure; n/a, data not available; OOP, out-of-pocket private expenditure; PHI, private health insurance; THE, total health expenditure.