Table 1.

Effect of administration of HS extracts on creatinine, urea, AST, ALT, and electrolyte levels in rodents and humans.

Primary author, year, type of study	Plant Part	Extract mode	Dose	End time point	Crea	Urea	AST	ALT	Mg	Na	K	Cl
		A,	50a,
		A;	100a;
Fakeye, 2008, *	C	W/A	100a	7	NS
Lee, 2009, *	F	A	100a	60	NS	Dep
Lee, 2009, *	F	A	200a	60	NS	Dep
Fakeye, 2009, *	C	W/A	300a	90	N/A		N/A	N/A
Fakeye, 2009, *	C	A	300a	90	NS		NS	Ele
Onyenekwe, 1999, *	P	W	500a	60	Dep	Ele
Onyenekwe, 1999, *	P	W	500a	60	Dep	Ele
Onyenekwe, 1999, *	P	W	1000a	60	Dep	Ele
Kuo, 2012, *	F	W	1b	35	NS	NS	NS	NS
Kuo, 2012, *	F	W	2b	35	NS	Dep	NS	NS
Kuo, 2012, *	F	W	5b	35	NS	Dep	NS	NS
Gurrola-Diaz, 2010, **	C	A	100d	30	NS	NS	Red	Red
Gurrola-Diaz, 2010, **	C	A	100d	30	NS	NS	NS	NS
Mohagheghi, 2011, **	C	W	30/4c	30	NS	NS				NS	NS
Ndu, 2011, *	C	A	40a	1						NS	NS	NS
Odigie, 2003, *	P	W	250a	60	NS				NS	NS	NS	NS
Herrera-Arellano, 2004, **	C	W	9.62e	30						Inc	NS	NS
Herrera-Arellano, 2007, **	C	W	250e	30						NS	NS	Inc

Notes: Type of study:

^*animal studies with rats or mice,

^**human studies; Plant part used in extract=F=flower, C=calyx, P=petal L=leaf; Extract mode: W=water, A=alcohol;

Dose: ^a=mg of HS extract/kg weight of animal/day,

^b%,

^cmg HS plant part/glasses of water/day,

^dmg of HS extract/day,

^emg anthocyanins/day; End time point: number of days after start of treatment when measurement was taken; Crea=creatinine; Urea: some measurements in this column are Uric acid or Blood Urea Nitrogen; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; Mg=Magnesium; Na=Sodium; K=Postassium; Cl=Chlorine; Results: N/A=not available, NS=not significant, Dep=depressed, Ele=elevated, Red=reduced, Inc=increased, depressed or elevated used accordingly when values compared with appropriate control, increased or reduced used when values compared between baseline and end of treatment within the same group