. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Nov 2;65(8):1098–1111. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.012

Table 3.

Characteristics of engineered proteins.

Engineered protein	Size (kDa)	Blood clearance (T_1/2β)	Major route of clearance	Valency
affibody	10	5–60 min	Kidney	flexible

nanobody	15	10 min-1.5 h	Kidney	flexible

single-chain variable fragment (scFv)	25	0.5–2 h	Kidney	monovalent

diabody (scFv dimers)	50	3–7 h	Kidney	bivalent

minibody (V_L-V_H-CH₃)	80	6–11 h	Liver	bivalent

scFv-Fc	105	8 h-12 d	Liver	bivalent