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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013 Jan 18;57:59–67. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.006

Fig. 1. In vitro differentiation of human monocytes to fibroblasts required the presence of both Ang-II and TNF.

Fig. 1

Human PBMC were placed on top of HCMEC and allowed to migrate through the confluent cell layer in response to MCP-1. After culturing the successfully migrated cells for 4 days, adherent fibroblast-shaped cells were counted (see also Suppl. Fig. 1) [21]. For each donor, the amount of fibroblasts in the absence of any stimuli was designated as 100% (= control value, bold line). In separate setups, cells were exposed to Ang-II, TNF, or both in the top well during migration, in the absence or presence of valsartan, an AT1 receptor inhibitor. Final data are expressed as % increase over control values. n=5/group without valsartan, n=3/group with valsartan. *P<0.05 compared to the Ang-II only group. #P<0.05 compared to the Ang-II/TNF group.