Figure 5.

Hypoxia-preconditioning effect on in vitro redox metabolism and paracrine activity of hASC. hASC from donors aged 20–35 years and over 50 years were cultured in 0.5% O₂ for 24 hours before the measurement of (a) ROS production, (b) catalase, and (c) glutathione peroxidase activities as well as (d) VEGF secretion in the culture medium, n = 3–5. *P ≤ 0.05 and ***P ≤ 0.001 in normoxia versus hypoxia culture conditions and ^#P ≤ 0.05 in young versus old donor groups in hypoxia culture condition. hASC, human adipose-derived stromal cell; ns, not significant; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.