Validations for the functional expression of human MnSOD and catalase retroviral vectors. (a) Schematic illustration of retroviral constructs containing MnSOD and catalase genes. (b) Representative western blot depicting overexpression of MnSOD (left) and catalase (right) proteins in the transduced AFT024 cells. (c) Enzymatic activities of overexpressed MnSOD (left) and catalase (right). Data are presented as means ± SEM (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). (d) RT-PCR analysis confirming the expression of human MnSOD or catalase in Lin−Sca1+ donor cells from the transplanted mice. Lane 1: MnSOD (left) or catalase (right) plasmid sample as the positive control; lanes 2 and 3: two representative samples of MnSOD (left) or catalase (right) transduced Lin−Sca1+ cells; lanes 4 and 5: two representative samples of vector-transduced Lin−Sca1+ cells. GFP, green fluorescent protein; LTR, long terminal repeat; MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase; MSCV, murine stem cell virus; PGK, phosphoglycerate kinase; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-PCR.