Systemic VSV combined with LPS does not improve local, LPS-only therapy or increase immune cell infiltration. (a) Survival (tumor <1.0 cm in any diameter) of C57BL/6 mice (n = 7/group) bearing subcutaneous tumors after treatment with intravenous (IV) VSV-Δ51 (5 × 106 PFU/100 µl) or PBS (100 µl) followed by intratumoral (IT) PBS (50 µl) or LPS (200 µg/50 µl) 6 hours later. Injections started on day 7 and continued every other day for a total of four (days 7, 9, 11, 13). (b–i) H&E stained tumors harvested 1 day after the last treatment (day 14). Arrows identify (b–e) representative areas of necrosis (×4 magnification) or (f–i) immune cell infiltration (×40 magnification). Bar equals 10 mm for all images. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.