Table 1.
Chronological Overview of Studies that Have Characterized Eating Disorder Subgroups on the Basis of Systematic Heterogeneity in Multiple Domains of Comorbid Psychopathology
| Study | Diagnosis | N | Indicators | Number of Subgroups |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strober (1983) | AN | 130 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
3 |
| Goldner, et al. (1999) | AN, BN & EDNOS |
136 | Dimensional Assessment of Personality Psychopathology – Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) |
3 |
| Westen and Harnden-Fischer (2001) | AN, BN & EDNOS |
103 | Shelder-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200) |
3 |
| Espelage, et al. (2002) | AN, BN & EDNOS |
183 | Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II |
3 |
| Karwautz, et al. (2003) | AN-R | 46 | Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) |
3 |
| Duncan, et al. (2005) | BN | 122 |
DSM-III-R mood, anxiety, substance use, and antisocial PD diagnoses |
2 |
| Holliday, et al. (2005) | AN | 153 | DAPP-BQ | 3 |
| Thompson-Brenner and Westen (2005) | AN-BP, BN, & EDNOS |
145 | Clinician descriptions | 3 |
| Wonderlich, et al. (2005) | BN | 178 | Impulsive Behavior Scale; Frost Multi- Dimensional Perfectionism Scale; Inventory of Depressive Symptoms- Self-report; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Michigan |
3 |
| Wonderlich, et al. (2005) - continued | Assessment Screening Test/Alcohol-Drug; 5- HTTLPR s allele |
|||
| Claes, et al. (2006) | AN, BN & EDNOS |
335 | Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to New Experiences-Five Factor Inventory |
3 |
| Wagner, et al. (2006) | AN & BN | 60 | TCI; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) |
2 |
| Wonderlich, Crosby, et al. (2007) | BN | 131 | DAPP-BQ | 3 |
| Thompson-Brenner, Eddy, Franko, Dorer, Vashchenko, Kass, et al. (2008) | AN & BN | 213 | Structured Interview for DSM-III PDs |
5 |
| Thompson-Brenner, Eddy, Franko, Dorer, Vashchenko, and Herzog (2008) | Same as Thompson-Brenner, Eddy, Franko, Dorer, Vashchenko, Kass, et al. (2008) | |||
| Thompson-Brenner, Eddy, Satir, et al. (2008) | AN, BN & EDNOS |
120 | SWAP-200 adolescent version |
3 |
| Steiger, et al. (2009) | AN, BN & EDNOS |
185 | DAPP-BQ; BIS; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) |
3 |
| Steiger, et al. (2010) | Same as Steiger, et al. (2009) | |||
| Hopwood, Ansell, Fehon, and Grilo (2010) | ED features | 153 | Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory |
3 |
| E. Penas-Lledo, et al. (2010) | AN, BN & EDNOS |
825 | Social Avoidance Distress Scale; TCI-revised |
5 |
| Krug, et al. (2011) | AN, BN, BED & EDNOS |
1,312 | TCI-revised | 6 |
| Wildes, et al. (2011) | AN | 154 | Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality – 2nd edition |
3 |
| Claes, et al. (2012) | AN, BN, & EDNOS |
132 | TCI-revised | 3 |
| Waller, Ormonde, and Kuteyi (2012) | AN, BN, BED & EDNOS |
214 | Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form |
3 |
Note. AN = anorexia nervosa; BN = bulimia nervosa; EDNOS = eating disorder not otherwise specified; AN-R = anorexia nervosa, restricting type; AN-B/P = anorexia nervosa, binge eating/purging type; ED = eating disorder; BED = binge eating disorder; PD = personality disorder; DSM-III = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed.