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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotox Res. 2012 Nov 29;24(1):80–93. doi: 10.1007/s12640-012-9363-2

Figure 5. Prenatal nicotine but not nicotine plus hypoxia significantly increased GFAP immunoreactivity in the fetal retrosplenial (RSg) cortex.

Figure 5

(A,B) Representative photomicrographs of GFAP immunoreactivity (ir) in the retrosplenial cortex from fetal guinea pigs exposed in utero to nicotine (n=4), hypoxia (n=6), nicotine and hypoxia (n=5), or normoxic (n=5) conditions. The boxed field in (A) is representative of the area quantified. (B) Higher magnification photomicrographs of the RSg cortex used for quantification. (C) Quantification of GFAP-ir in the RSg cortex. Data represent bilateral optical density measurements in three sections that were averaged to yield a single value per animal. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of nicotine (F1,19=6.6, p<0.02). Post-hoc analysis revealed that prenatal nicotine alone increased GFAP-ir in the RSg cortex compared to normoxic controls (Tukey Kramer post-hoc analysis p<0.05). All values are mean optical density in pixels ± SEM. NMX, normoxic; NIC, nicotine; HPX, hypoxic, O.D., optical density.