Figure 6. Screening of food ingredients for HSP70 inducing activities.

Hepa1c1c7 cells were treated with the vehicle, nutrients such as all-trans retinol (ATRA; vitamin A), ergocalciferol (VD; vitamin D), α-tocopherol (VE; vitamin E), phylloquinone (VK; vitamin K), thiamin (VB1; vitamin B₁), nicotinic acid (VB3; vitamin B₃), pyridoxine (VB6; vitamin B₆), cyanocobalamin (VB12; vitamin B₁₂), ascorbic acid (VC; vitamin C), folic acid (VM; vitamin M), asparagine (Asn), arginine (Arg), fructose (Fruc), sucrose (Suc), manganese (II) sulfate (Mn), and zinc chloride (Zn) (A) or phytochemicals such as quercetin (QUE), ellagic acid (EA), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), zerumbone (ZER), α-humulene (HUM), curcumin (CUR), and ursolic acid (UA) (B) for 6 hours, then total RNA was subjected to qRT-PCR to semi-quantify HSP70 expression. HPRT expressions were also measured as internal standards. All compounds were treated at their nonlethal and maximum concentrations (Mn: 0.016 µM, VD: 10 µM, VB1, VB3, VB6, Asn, and Arg: 500 µM, PEITC: 2 µM, HUM: 25 µM, all others treated at 50 µM). These experiments were performed in triplicates. *P<0.05 vs. DMSO by Dunnett's test (A, B).