Figure 1. GADD45α induction mediated the inhibition of JNK and p38 activation due to nickel exposure.

(A–F), GADD45α+/+ and GADD45α−/− cells were exposed to NiCl₂ at doses and time periods as indicated. The cells were collected using cell lysis buffer (A, C–F) for protein extraction or TRIZOL (B) for mRNA extraction as described in the section of “Materials and Methods”. The GADD45α protein expression and MAPK activation were determined by Western blot (A, C–F) and gadd45α mRNA level was evaluated by RT-PCR (B).