Table 2.
Viral infections of mice with TLR3 deficiency
| Virus | Mouse strain | Inoculation route | Phenotype
|
Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival rate | Viral load | Other | ||||
| EMCV (myocarditic variant) | C57BL/6 | i.p. | ↓ | ↑ in the heart and liver | ↓proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in the heart | 122 |
|
| ||||||
| EMCV (variant of pancreas β cells tropism) | C57BL/6 | i.p. | ↓ | ↑ in the pancreas | ↑blood glucose; | 123 |
| ↓ IFN serum levels at early time points after EMCV infection | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| MCMV | C57BL/6 | i.p. | ↓ | ↑in the spleen | ↓IFN-α/β levels in the serum | 8 |
|
| ||||||
| C57BL/6XB129 | i.p. | NT | NT | No difference in CD8 T or CD4 T response | 131 | |
|
| ||||||
| CVB3 | C57BL/6 (>=8X) | i.p. | ↓ | ↑ in the heart and serum | ↓IFN-γ and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the heart and serum | 124 |
|
| ||||||
| C57BL/6XB129 | i.p. | ↓ | ↑ in the heart | ↑ inflammation in the heart | 125 | |
|
| ||||||
| CVB4 | NOD | i.p. | ↓ | ↑ in the heart and liver | Greater cardiac damage; | 126 |
| ↓TNF-α in the serum; phenotypes rescued by WT NOD macrophage adoption | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| HSV-1 | C57BL/6 | Skin flank scarification | NT | ↑at infection site | ↓HSV-1-specific CD8 T-cell response | 129 |
|
| ||||||
| HSV-2 | C57BL/6J | Intravaginal s.c. | NT | ↑ in the cerebellum and medulla spinalis | ↑ CNS disease score | 9 |
|
| ||||||
| Poliovirus | C57BL/6- PVRTg21 (X7-10) | i.v. | ↓ | ↑ in the liver, spleen and kidney | ↓IFN-α levels in the serum, spleen and spinal cord | 127 |
|
| ||||||
| RSV | C57BL/6 (10X) | Intratracheal | NT | No difference | ↑Th2-cytokine production, mucus production and gob5 expression in the airways | 130 |
|
| ||||||
| TMEV (BeAn) | SJL (6X) | Hemisphere injection | NT | ↑ in the brain and spinal cord | Severe demyelination and inflammation in the CNS | 132 |
| ↓late CD8 T and CD4 T responses in the CNS | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| C57BL/6 | Hemisphere injection | NT | ↑ in the brain and spinal cord | No obvious demyelinating disease | 132 | |
|
| ||||||
| TMEV (GDVII) | C57BL/6 | Hemisphere injection | ↓ | ↑ in the brain and spinal cord | Fatal encephalitis | 132 |
|
| ||||||
| VSV | C57BL/6xB129 | i.v. | NT | NT | No difference in CD8 T or CD4 T response | 131 |
|
| ||||||
| LCMV | C57BL/6xB129 | i.p. and foot pad | NT | NT | No difference in CD8 T or CD4 T response | 131 |
|
| ||||||
| T3 reovirus | C57BL/6xB129 | i.cb. or i.c. | NT | NT | No difference in CNS injury | 131 |
|
| ||||||
| Vaccinia virus | C57BL/6 | i.n. | ↑ | ↓in the respiratory tract | ↓inflammatory cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid | 135 |
| ↓lung inflammation | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Influenza virus | C57BL/6 (>=8X) | i.n. | ↑ | ↑in the lung | ↓inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar air space | 133 |
|
| ||||||
| PTV | C57BL/6 | s.c. | ↑ | Slightly ↓in the serum | ↓inflammatory cytokines in serum and liver | 134 |
|
| ||||||
| WNV | C57BL/6 (10X) | i.p. and i.cbvt. | ↑ | ↑in the periphery | ↓inflammatory cytokines and IFN in serum and brain | 136 |
| ↓in the brain | ↓neuropathology in the brain | |||||
Notes:
Note 1.
| EMCV: encephalomyocarditis virus | i.p. intraperitoneal |
| MCMV: mouse cytomegalovirus | i.v. intravenous |
| CVB3: Coxsackievirus B3 | i.cb. intracerebral |
| CVB4: Coxsackievirus B4 | i.c., intracranial |
| RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus | i.n., intranasal |
| TMEV: Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus | s.c. subcutaneous |
| VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus | i.cbvt. intracerebroventricular |
| PTV: Punta toro virus | |
| LCMV: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | |
| WNV: West Nile virus |
Note 2.
↑ increased; ↓ decreased; NT not tested.
Note 3.
When available, the number of backcross generations of the TLR3-deficient mice is indicated in brackets after the mouse strain e.g. (10X).