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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2013 Jan 8;25(1):4–12. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.12.005

Figure 2. The role of ubiquitination in the RIG-I antiviral signaling pathway.

Figure 2

After infection by RNA viruses, viral RNA binds to RIG-I and induces a conformational change that exposes the N-terminus of RIG-I which binds to unanchored K63 polyubiquitin chains synthesized by TRIM25 and Riplet. RIG-I then interacts with and activates the mitochondrial membrane protein MAVS, which activates IKK and TBK1 in the cytoplasm. These kinases then activate NF-κB and IRF3, leading to the production of type-I interferons.