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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 12.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Dec 5;61(6):599–610. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.1021

Figure 1. Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Figure 1

Mitochondrial biogenesis impairment is an early event in the development of HF and reversal of this process is cardioprotective. Mitochondrial biogenesis can be enhanced therapeutically with the use of AMPK agonists, stimulants of NO/cGMP pathway (including PDE5 inhibitors), or resveratrol. All of these approaches stimulate nuclear-encoded proteins PGC1α, NRF1/2 and Tfam which, in turn, facilitate production of new mitochondria in the heart.