Table 2.
Fructokinase genes and isozymes and their physiological functions.
| Species | Gene/Isozyme | Accession no | Substrate inhibition | Intracellular localization | Physiological function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EUDICOTS | ||||||
| Pea (Pisum sativum) | FRK2 | NA | Yes | ND | Copeland et al. (1984) | |
| FRK1 | NA | Yes | ND | Turner et al. (1977) | ||
| Soybean (Glycine max) | FRK | NA | Yes | C | Copeland and Morell (1985a,b) | |
| Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) | FRK | NA | Yes | ND | Myers and Matheson (1994) | |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | FRK1 | NA | Yes | ND | Gonzali et al. (2001) | |
| FRK2 | NA | Yes | ND | Gonzali et al. (2001) | ||
| Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) | SlFRK1/FKII | U64817/AAB57733 | No | C | Promotes transition to flowering | Kanayama et al. (1997), Kanayama et al. (1998). Petreikov et al. (2001), Odanaka et al. (2002) |
| SlFRK2/FKI | U64818/AAB57734 | Yes | C | Stem and root growth xylem and seed development | Kanayama et al. (1997), Kanayama et al. (1998), Petreikov et al. (2001), Odanaka et al. (2002), Dai et al. (2002a), German et al. (2003) | |
| SlFRK3/FKIII | AY323226/AAR24912, Q6VWJ5 | Yes | P | Petreikov et al. (2001), German et al. (2004) | ||
| SlFRK4 | AY099454/AAM44084 | No | C | *Involved in pollen development | German et al. (2002), David-Schwartz et al. (2013) | |
| Potato (Solanum tuberosum) | StFK1/FRK | Z12823/CAA78283 | Yes | ND | Regulates sucrose metabolism together with SUS | Smith et al. (1993), Taylor et al. (1995), Dai et al. (1997), Davies et al. (2005) |
| FK1 | NA | Yes | ND | Gardner et al. (1992) | ||
| FK2 | NA | Yes | ND | Gardner et al. (1992) | ||
| FK3 | NA | No | ND | Gardner et al. (1992) | ||
| FK | NA | ND | ND | *Expressed in vascular tissue | Sergeeva and Vreugdenhil (2002) | |
| Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) | FRK3 | NA | ND | ND | *Involved in response to drought stress | Fulda et al. (2011) |
| Camellia (Camellia japonica) | FRK | NA | Yes | ND | *Involved in pollen development and function | Nakamura et al. (1991) |
| Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) | FK I | NA | Yes | C | Schnarrenberger (1990) | |
| FK II | NA | No | P | Schnarrenberger (1990) | ||
| Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) | FK | NA | Yes | ND | *Associated with vascular development | Chaubron et al. (1995) |
| MONOCOTS | ||||||
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare) | FK Ia | NA | Yes | ND | Baysdorfer et al. (1989) | |
| FK Ib | NA | Yes | ND | Baysdorfer et al. (1989) | ||
| FK II | NA | No | ND | Baysdorfer et al. (1989) | ||
| Rice (Oryza sativa) | OsFKI/OsFKI | AF429948/AAL26573 | Yes | ND | *Dominant under aerobic conditions, up-regulated in late stages of pollen development, accumulates in grains | Jiang et al. (2003), Kerim et al. (2003), Guglielminetti et al. (2006) |
| OsFKII/OsFKII | AF429947/AAL26574 | No | ND | *Involved in response to anoxic conditions | Jiang et al. (2003), Guglielminetti et al. (2006) | |
| FK | NA | ND | ND | *Supports the glycolytic pathway for ATP production under anoxic conditions | Kato-Noguchi (2004) | |
| Maize (Zea mays) | FK-1 | NA | Yes | ND | Doehlert (1989, 1990) | |
| FK-2 | NA | Yes | ND | |||
| ZmFRK1/ZmFrk1 | AY197772/AAP42805 | Yes | ND | *Cellulose synthesis | Zhang et al. (2003), Melida et al. (2011) | |
| ZmFRK2/ZmFrk2 | AY197773/AAP42806 | Yes | ND | *Involved in response to salt stress | Zhang et al. (2003), Zorb et al. (2011) | |
| Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) | FRK1 | NA | No | ND | Hoepfner and Botha (2004) | |
| FRK2 | NA | Yes | ND | Hoepfner and Botha (2004) | ||
| Lily (Lilium longiflorum and L. lancifolium) | FRK | NA | Yes | ND | *Pollen development and function | Nakamura et al. (1991) |
*Predicted physiological function through the examination of gene expression profiles.
NA, not available; ND, not determined; C, cytosol; P, plastid.