Table 1.

Examples of Immunoproteomics Studies to Identify Vaccine Antigens and/or Virulence Factors in Respiratory Pathogenic Bacteria

Pathogen	#	Antigen(s) of interest	Serum source	Protein fraction	Protective	Comment	Ref
Bd. pertussis	30	Pertactin, serum resistance protein (BrkA), OmpP, sulphate binding protein (Sbp)	Immunised children (whole cell pertussis vaccine)	Total membrane proteins & extracellular proteins	NA	Observed differences between mouse and human serum data	[35]
Bd. pertussis	1	Peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein	Immunised mice	Cell lysate	NA	immunodominant antigen	[62]
Bd. pertussis	25	Serum resistance protein, pertactin, HSP-60, HSP70,Clp protease, serine protease, EF-Tu, Glutamyl-tRNA aminotransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase	Immunised mice	Soluble proteins	NA	Comparison of two vaccine strains	[34]
Bd. pertussis	11	Serum resistance protein, pertactin, serotype fimbral subunit, HSP-60, HSP-10, ATP synthase	Immunised mice	Surface proteins	NA	Comparison of two vaccine strains	[33]
B. cepacia	18	EF-Tu, pyruvate carboxylase, ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease, tyrosyl-tRNA synthase, phospholipid glycerol acyltransferase, ABC efflux pump	Immunised mice	Secreted proteins	NA		[27]
B. pseudomallei	12	GroEL, DnaK, PhaP, Ef-Tu, polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase	Immunised rabbit serum	Surface proteins	NA	9 Antigens both biotinylated and immunoreactive	[14]
B. thailandensis	16	Ef-Tu, DnaK, AhpC, oxodipate CoA succinyltransferase, HSP10,	Rabbit from B. mallei immunised rabbits		Protection	EF-Tu immunoprotective	[63]
F. tularensis	31	F1F0 ATP synthase, EF-Tu, glutamylt-RNA synthase, fructose bisphosphatealdolase, GAPDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase, DnaK	Tularemia patients and vaccinated individuals		NA		[64]
F. tularensis	9	EF-Tu, GroEL, ATP synthase, DNA gyrase, chitinase family 18 protein, DNA directed RNA polymerase	Mouse sera from Live attenuated immunised mice	Soluble and membrane enriched	NA	Comparison of responses from successful vaccination and unsuccessful vaccination – examples of successful vaccination in bold.	[65]
Leptospira interrogans		Lipoprotein L21, L41, L32. Loa22.	Rat infection	Membrane proteins, in vitro culture and guinea pig infection	NA		[66]
P. aeruginosa	51	PasP protease, zinc dependent aminopeptidase, azurin, OprH, LasB protease, PrpL protease	CF patient sera	Extracellular	NA	Compared 2 strains, PA01 and PA14	[51]
N. meningitidis	33	TufA (EF-Tu), alcohol dehydrogenase, DnaK, cysteine synthase, aconitasehydratase, ATP synthase F1, Opa900	Convalescent patients	Total protein	No serum bactericidal antibodies produced		[29]
S. pneumoniae	17	Glutamyl-tRNAamidotransferase,GAPDH, fructose bis-phosphate aldolase, 6-PGD	Healthy children and adults (asymptomatic carriage)	Surface proteins	4 tested, all showed protection		[9-11]
S. pneumoniae	23	Enolase, serine protease, N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase, general stress protein, pneumococcal histidine triad protein D precursor , Zinc metalloprotease	Immunised rabbits	Secreted proteins	No in vivo studies	All 6 listed immunoreactive proteins found in all 3 clinical strains tested.	[13]

^#Number of antigens identified.