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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 12.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Jul 15;33(10):1739–1748. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01011.x

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Moderation model. The latent variable A, represented in a circle, indicates additive genetic influences on the trait (T) of interest. C represents common (shared) environmental influences on a trait, and latent E represents unique environmental influences, which are uncorrelated between the twins. The triangle indicates the mean/thresholds for T and is necessary when modeling raw data. The standard paths a, c, and e, indicating the magnitude of effect of each latent variable on the trait, each include a β term, which indicates the significance of a measured moderator variable M on each of these genetic and environmental influences.