TABLE 5.
Blood pressure (BP) and hemostatic and inflammatory risk factors at baseline [high–saturated fatty acid and high–glycemic index (HS/HGI) diet] and at follow-up1
| HS/HGI | HM/HGI | HM/LGI | LF/HGI | LF/LGI | P | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg)2 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 126 (117, 138) | 126 (115, 137) | 130 (120, 140) | 130 (120, 143) | 128 (118, 138) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 126 (119, 137) | 124 (114, 134) | 128 (116, 136) | 127 (115, 142) | 124 (116, 137) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | −1.5 (−3.2, 0.3) | −2.0 (−3.6, −0.3) | −2.5 (−4.0, −1.0) | −1.7 (−3.1, −0.4) | −1.5 (−3.0, 0.0) | 0.733 and 0.334 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg)5 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 77.8 (71.8, 86.0) | 78 (73.0, 85.0) | 79 (72.5, 84.5) | 81 (74.0, 87.0) | 79.5 (74.0, 87.0) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 79 (71.5, 84.0) | 78.5 (72.0, 84.0) | 78.5 (72.5, 85.0) | 78.5 (71.5, 87.0) | 79.3 (73.5, 85.0) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | −0.5 (−2.6, 1.5) | −1.6 (−3.3, 0.0) | −0.9 (−2.6, 0.8) | −1.5 (−2.9, −0.1) | −1.7 (−3.1, −0.2) | 0.993 and 1.004 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L)6 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 2.68 (2.28, 3.14) | 2.71 (2.40, 3.10) | 2.55 (2.30, 3.03) | 2.79 (2.28, 3.14) | 2.65 (2.32, 3.11) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 2.66 (2.34, 3.17) | 2.76 (2.37, 3.24) | 2.70 (2.27, 3.13) | 2.82 (2.43, 3.15) | 2.76 (2.40, 3.21) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | +0.5 (−3.1, 4.1) | +1.6 (−1.2, 4.5) | +1.6 (−1.0, 4.2) | +2.1 (−0.8, 5.0) | +2.4 (−0.3, 5.0) | 0.853 and 0.984 |
| CRP (mg/L)7 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 0.7 (0.16, 2.30) | 0.54 (0.20, 1.90) | 0.4 (0.14, 1.10) | 0.5 (0.10, 1.95) | 0.57 (0.16, 1.90) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 0.95 (0.30, 1.85) | 0.65 (0.20, 2.30) | 0.7 (0.20, 2.00) | 0.7 (0.20, 2.40) | 0.6 (0.20, 1.70) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | +21.3 (−5.8, 55.2) | +3.8 (−21.4, 35.6) | +36.3 (3.0, 78.2) | +22.4 (−7.6, 60.3) | +8.0 (−13.5, 33.9) | 0.863 and 0.904 |
| ICAM-1 (μg/L)8 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 242 (206, 288) | 240 (218, 283) | 242.2 (219, 283) | 240 (206, 283) | 247 (207, 284) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 241.4 (215, 287) | 247.6 (214, 278) | 242 (210, 274) | 242 (214, 273) | 249 (214, 280) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | +0.3 (−3.0, 3.7) | −0.4 (−3.0, 2.3) | −2.2 (−4.9, 0.6) | −0.6 (−3.4, 2.2) | −0.3 (−3.2, 2.6) | 0.593 and 0.574 |
| PAI-1 (IU/L)9 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 17.0 (12.0, 23.4) | 18.0 (13.4, 22.4) | 17.8 (13.6, 23.0) | 16.7 (12.3, 21.0) | 17.9 (13.6, 21.9) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 19.2 (13.0, 24.1) | 19.4 (15.0, 24.8) | 19.6 (14.5, 24.9) | 18 (12.9, 23.4) | 18.4 (14.0, 22.1) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | +7.5 (−1.1, 16.1) | +11.3 (4.6, 18.0) | +7.0 (0.3, 13.8) | +6.4 (−1.1, 13.8) | +2.2 (−4.8, 9.3) | 0.483 and 0.724 |
| FVIIc (%)10 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 135 (118, 153) | 138 (116, 153) | 133 (110, 150) | 127 (105, 148) | 135 (116, 156) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 127 (108, 150) | 133 (111, 155) | 132 (110, 157) | 127 (101, 143) | 128 (103, 149) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | −0.9 (−5.0, 3.2) | −0.6 (−4.4, 3.3) | +1.3 (−2.4, 5.0) | +2.8 (−1.2, 6.8) | −2.7 (−6.2, 0.7) | 0.853 and 0.984 |
| Microalbumin:creatinine (mg/mmol)11 | ||||||
| Baseline [median (IQR)] | 1.27 (0.93, 1.82) | 1.17 (0.83, 1.58) | 1.22 (0.80, 1.62) | 1.2 (0.78, 1.62) | 1.13 (0.82, 1.76) | |
| Follow-up [median (IQR)] | 1.19 (0.78, 1.50) | 1.08 (0.78, 1.58) | 1.11 (0.72, 1.88) | 1.22 (0.80, 1.88) | 1.3 (0.86, 2.00) | |
| Percentage change [mean (95% CI)] | −12.7 (−21.5, −2.8) | −6.7 (−13.4, 0.7) | −4.3 (−11.8, 3.8) | +7.3 (−0.8, 16.1) | +5.8 (−1.7, 13.8) | 0.00163 and 0.0174 |
HM/HGI, high–monounsaturated fatty acid and HGI diet; HM/LGI, HM and low–glycemic index diet; LF/HGI, low-fat and HGI diet; LF/LGI, LF and LGI diet; IQR, interquartile range; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1; FVIIc, factor VII coagulant. Transformations: log. Outliers were removed. Mean (95% CI) changes were calculated on a transformed scale but expressed as the percentage change from median values at baseline. P values refer to the global test of significance between the groups. Relevant post hoc analysis results are referred to in Results.
n = 84 (HS/HGI), 109 (HM/HGI), 113 (HM/LGI), 113 (LF/HGI), and 120 (LF/LGI).
From ANCOVA of transformed follow-up measures on transformed baseline measures adjusted for sex, center, ethnicity, and baseline waist circumference, (log)HDL cholesterol, and age.
Adjusted for weight change.
n = 83 (HS/HGI), 110 (HM/HGI), 114 (HM/LGI), 113 (LF/HGI), and 120 (LF/LGI).
n = 81 (HS/HGI), 110 (HM/HGI), 112 (HM/LGI), 113 (LF/HGI), and 113 (LF/LGI).
n = 79 (HS/HGI), 107 (HM/HGI), 108 (HM/LGI), 109 (LF/HGI), and 119 (LF/LGI).
n = 80 (HS/HGI), 106 (HM/HGI), 107 (HM/LGI), 109 (LF/HGI), and 115 (LF/LGI).
n = 85 (HS/HGI), 105 (HM/HGI), 111 (HM/LGI), 114 (LF/HGI), and 119 (LF/LGI).
n = 75 (HS/HGI), 97 (HM/HGI), 100 (HM/LGI), 102 (LF/HGI), and 100 (LF/LGI).
n = 80 (HS/HGI), 98 (HM/HGI), 109 (HM/LGI), 101 (LF/HGI), and 108 (LF/LGI).