Fig. 3.

Double flower phenotype in Rosa. (a) Simple flower Rosa gallica. (b) Longitudinal section of a R. gallica flower. (d) Double flower of R. gallica cv Cardinal de Richelieu. (e) Longitudinal section of a double flower rose of R. gallica cv Cardinal de Richelieu. (c and f) Model showing the origin of the double flower phenotype. (c) ABC model in wild-type simple flower roses. (f) In double flower roses, a shift of the boundary between A and C functions towards the centre of the flower leads to homeotic conversion of stamens into petals. Adapted from Dubois et al. (2010).