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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 12.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2012 Dec 14;112(3):476–486. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.280735

Figure 3. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) acquire β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) after commitment toward cardiac lineages and become sensitized to cell death.

Figure 3

A and B, Immunostaining of green fluorescent protein (GFP)–expressing CPCs in coculture with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) stained with β1-AR (red), c-kit/sarcomeric actin (blue), and nuclei (white). C, GFP CPCs (green) express β2-AR (red) in coculture with NRCMs (sarcomeric actin; blue) and nuclei (white). Scale bar, 40 μm (n=5). D–F, Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis for expression of β1-AR, β2-AR, and cardiac troponin T in CPCs after 7 days of coculture. NRCMs were run as control to validate primer specificity to mouse genes (n=4). G, Analysis of cell death in undifferentiated CPCs treated in the presence of isoproterenol (ISO), ICI 118, 551, and metoprolol (n=3). H, Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of cell death in differentiated CPCs in a coculture system treated with ISO. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001 significance for CPC vs CPC ISO; #P<0.05, ## P<0.01, and ###P<0.001 significance for CPC ISO vs CPC ISO/metoprolol; and ΦP<0.05, ΦΦP<0.01, and ΦΦΦP<0.001 significance for CPC ISO/metoprolol vs CPC ISO/ ICI 118, 551 (n=3). I, CPCs infected with adenovirus (Ad)-β1-AR and treated with ISO show increased cell death as measured by FACS analysis compared with metoprolol-treated CPCs and vehicle-treated controls (n=3). In parallel, AdGFP CPCs showed no effect of ISO-induced stress. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001 significance for Ad-β1-AR NT vs Ad-β1-AR CPCs ISO; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, and ###P<0.001 significance for Ad-β1-AR CPCs ISO vs Ad-β1-AR CPCs ISO/metoprolol.