Table 1.

Baseline characteristics in the overall population

	Overall Population (n=3082)
Mean Age (yr)	60.8 (± 13.3)
Female	1822 (59.1)
Race
White	2005 (65.1)
Black	439 (14.2)
Hispanic	416 (13.5)
Other	222 (7.2)
Admission Type
Elective	2902 (94.1)
Emergency or Urgent	181 (5.9)
Procedure
Spine	1161 (37.7)
Knee	1001 (32.5)
Hip	920 (29.9)
Hypertension	1513 (49.1)
CAD	327 (10.6)
Cancer	69 (2.2)
Diabetes Mellitus	447 (14.5)
COPD	69 (2.2)
CKD	82 (2.7)
PVD	23 (0.8)

CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease