. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 12.

Published in final edited form as: Addict Disord Their Treat. 2012 Dec 1;11(4):173–182. doi: 10.1097/ADT.0b013e31823eda8f

Table 2.

Mean Differences between Potential Problem Gamblers and Non-Gamblers on Early Maladaptive Schemas.

Schema	Potential Problem Gamblers (n = 49) M (SD)	Non-Gamblers (n = 579) M (SD)	d
Emotional Deprivation	15.4 (15.7)	9.3 (12.8)^**	.42
Abandonment	27.5 (26.6)	17.3 (21.6)^*	.42
Mistrust/Abuse	24.3 (26.2)	17.5 (21.6)	.28
Social Isolation	13.2 (15.8)	8.4 (13.3)^*	.32
Defectiveness	15.3 (21.1)	11.0 (18.1)	.21
Failure	6.2 (9.6)	5.6 (10.3)	.06
Dependence	14.1 (21.1)	8.6 (14.4)^*	.30
Vulnerability	13.7 (15.1)	10.2 (13.9)	.24
Enmeshment	8.5 (11.7)	5.9 (10.8)^**	.23
Entitlement	15.8 (16.3)	11.1 (13.7)^*	.31
Insufficient Self-Control	35.5 (22.2)	22.9 (20.2)^***	.59
Subjugation	11.0 (14.1)	8.1 (11.9)	.22
Self-Sacrifice	43.8 (25.6)	37.3 (25.6)^*	.25
Emotion Inhibition	20.5 (17.1)	11.3 (13.2)^***	.60
Unrelenting Standards	38.9 (27.6)	32.9 (24.8)	.22
Approval-Seeking	24.5 (24.7)	16.2 (18.8)^*	.37
Negativity/Pessimism	20.1 (19.9)	14.9 (17.3)	.27
Punitiveness	30.7 (21.9)	23.6 (20.2)^*	.33

Note: d = Effect size differences between potential problem gamblers and non-gamblers

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p < .001