Fig. 2.

Development of therapeutic cells from human induced pluripotential cells. Readily accessible somatic cells (e.g. skin fibroblasts) are harvested from a patient, and expanded in culture. Cells are exposed to reprogramming transcriptional factors, in the form of cell permeant peptides or modified mRNA. The resulting iPSC colonies are differentiated into vascular progenitor cells, that are administered directly to patients with vascular disease, or which are incorporated into matrices as a biological conduit for surgical implantation.