Table 1. MACS participant characteristics.
| MACS Pre-HAART | MACS HAART era | |||||||
| HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | |||||
| N | 2821 | 2799 | 1774 | 1706 | ||||
| Follow-up, years; median (Q1–Q3) | 9.5 (6.3–9.9) | 6.4 (3.0–9.6) | 6.5 (4.5–12.0) | 8.5 (5.2–12.3) | ||||
| Age at baseline visit, years, mean (SD) | 33.8 (8.3) | 32.2 (6.9) | <0.001 | 34.8 (8.6) | 34.1 (8.3) | 0.01 | ||
| Race, n (%) | White | 2556 (90.6) | 2387 (85.3) | <0.001 | 1293 (72.9) | 1097 (64.3) | <0.001 | |
| Black | 223 (7.9) | 376 (13.4) | 403 (22.7) | 480 (28.1) | ||||
| Other | 39 (1.4) | 34 (1.2) | 78 (4.4) | 129 (7.6) | ||||
| Ethnicity, Hispanic, n (%) | 110 (3.9) | 189 (6.8) | <0.001 | 136 (7.7) | 240 (14.1) | <0.001 | ||
| Smoking statusa, n (%) | Never | 1227 (44.8) | 1063 (39.4) | <0.001 | 394 (29.7) | 326 (27.1) | 0.17 | |
| Former | 431 (15.7) | 367 (13.6) | 421(31.8) | 421 (35.0) | ||||
| Current | 1082 (39.5) | 1265 (47.0) | 511(38.5) | 456 (37.9) | ||||
| Pack-years smoking (ever smokers), median (Q1–Q3) | 17.7 (5.2–31.5) | 15.6 (5.1–29.1) | 0.01 | 8.2 (0.9–27) | 12.8 (2–30.6) | 0.006 | ||
| Alcohol usea, n (%) | None | 297 (11.5) | 250 (9.6) | <0.001 | 376 (28.4) | 431 (35.9) | <0.001 | |
| Light | 755 (29.3) | 647 (24.9) | 360 (27.1) | 349 (29.1) | ||||
| Moderate | 1070 (41.5) | 1161 (44.7) | 439 (33.1) | 328 (27.3) | ||||
| Heavy | 456 (17.7) | 538 (20.7) | 151 (11.4) | 92 (7.7) | ||||
| Intravenous drug use, evera, n (%) | 109 (3.9) | 372 (13.4) | <0.001 | 160 (9) | 307 (18) | <0.001 | ||
| Illicit drug use, evera, n (%) | 2310 (86.0) | 2567 (94.7) | <0.001 | 1427 (81) | 1432 (84.3) | 0.01 | ||
| Pneumocystis prophylaxis use, evera, n (%) | – | 1026 (46.9) | – | – | 686 (40.2) | – | ||
| HAART use, ever, n (%) | – | – | – | 1407 (82.5) | – | |||
| CD4 lymphocyte count, cells/µL, median (Q1–Q3) | 893 (692–1160) | 595 (423–826) | <0.001 | 912 (720–1144) | 357 (193–536) | <0.001 | ||
| Log10 HIV RNA level, copies/ml, mean (SD) | – | 3.6 (1.4) | – | – | 4.1 (1.1) | – | ||
| HIV RNA level <400 copies/ml, n (%) | – | – | – | – | 1220 (76) | – | ||
| Visits with HIV RNA<400 copies/ml, median % (Q1–Q3) | – | – | – | – | 70 (41–95) | |||
a
Some variables do not sum to the total n due to missing data at baseline.
HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy, SD = standard deviation, Q1 = quartile 1, Q3 = quartile 3.