Table 1. Wnt signaling in neuroimmune interactions.
Protein | Source | Role in the immune/neural systems | Signaling | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wnt1 | Activated astrocytes (VM and striatal); activated endothelial cells; hippocampal neurons (HNs) |
Promotes survival and neuroprotection of midbrain DA neurons; rescues SVZ stem/progenitor cells; induces extravasation of activated T cells; promotes astrocyte–neuron and astrocyte–microglia crosstalk; protects HNs against inflammatory/oxidative insult, in vivo/in vitro |
Canonical/β-catenin | [8,10,17,63,79,80] |
Wnt2 | Mouse macrophages | ND | Canonical/β-catenin | [59] |
Wnt2b | Activated endothelial cells | Promotes extravasation of activated T cells | ND | [63] |
Wnt3a | Activated macrophages; neural stem/precursor cells; hippocampus, HNs |
Anti-inflammatory in macrophages; promotes self-renewal, clonal expansion, and neurogenesis of SVZ and SGZ stem/progenitor cells; protects hippocampus, HNs, and adult hippocampal stem/precursors (in vivo/in vitro) |
Canonical/β-catenin | [4,5,40,42,46,47, 51,53,71,73,86] |
Wnt4 | Activated endothelial cells | Promotes extravasation of activated T cells | Canonical/β-catenin | [63] |
Wnt5a | Activated CD4+ T cells and human macrophages; activated endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia |
Stimulates chemokine-directed T cell migration; inhibits DC differentiation; tolerogenic on DCs; proinflammatory in macrophages and microglia; promotes autocrine endothelial inflammation; promotes proinflammatory response in microglia |
Non-canonical/β-catenin [9,18,40,58,60, 62-64] |
|
Wnt7a | ND | Promotes self-renewal, clonal expansion, and neurogenesis of SGZ stem/progenitor cells |
TLX/catenin and Wnt–Ca2+ | [46,48] |
Wnt7b | Mouse macrophages | Promotes programmed cell death of vascular endothelial cells and tissue healing |
Wnt–Ca2+ | [59,61] |
Wnt8b | Activated endothelial cells | Promotes extravasation of activated T cells | Canonical/β-catenin | [63] |
Wnt10b | Mouse macrophages | ND | Canonical/β-catenin | [59] |