Table 4.

Weighted multilevel models of math literacy in Italy (PISA 2009)

variable	M1	M2	M3	M4
First-Generation	−36.93* (2.52)	−27.96* (2.63)	−26.74* (3.50)	−25.35* (5.36)
Second-Generation	−25.84* (4.60)	−19.44* (4.52)	−18.06* (4.63)	−19.60* (7.10)
Mixed-Parentage	−1.09 (1.66)	−0.07 (1.64)	−0.24 (1.63)	−0.62 (2.38)
Age	6.72* (1.60)	6.62* (1.57)	6.64* (1.56)	6.48* (1.55)
Male	26.78* (1.07)	25.63* (1.05)	26.18* (1.05)	27.71* (1.07)
SmallTown	13.65 (9.07)	13.25 (8.60)	13.60 (8.34)	10.41 (5.70)
Town	27.82* (8.06)	25.77* (7.62)	25.63* (7.35)	8.39 (4.91)
City	27.06* (9.17)	23.91* (8.66)	23.54* (8.37)	−1.48 (5.65)
LargeCity	2.82 (20.83)	0.90 (19.98)	0.39 (19.66)	−13.60 (12.46)
ISCED2		11.55* (4.32)	11.24* (4.33)	10.21* (4.32)
ISCED3b-c		15.60* (4.45)	14.95* (4.43)	13.26* (4.42)
ISCED3a-4		12.15* (4.26)	11.81* (4.26)	10.05* (4.24)
ISCED5b		−10.56* (4.66)	−10.12* (4.66)	−11.55* (4.65)
ISCED5a-6		5.45 (4.44)	5.47 (4.44)	3.45 (4.42)
HighestISEI		0.38* (0.04)	0.37* (0.04)	0.32* (0.04)
HomePossessions		5.87* (0.65)	5.87* (0.65)	5.36* (0.65)
NuclearFamily		0.62 (1.47)	0.44 (1.45)	0.42 (1.44)
ForeignLanguage			−2.24 (3.71)	−1.74 (3.71)
LanguageMissing			−23.99* (1.55)	−23.37* (1.54)
Perc.Immigrants				−24.20 (21.04)
MeanISEI				1.96* (0.28)
Technical				−25.56* (5.04)
Vocational				−78.35* (5.74)
Lower Sec				−137.40* (20.25)
TechXFirst-Gen				−1.84 (6.41)
TechXSecond-Gen				4.31 (11.35)
TechXMixed				−0.75 (3.77)
VocXFirst-Gen				−0.70 (6.35)
VocXSecond-Gen				−0.01 (10.16)
VocXMixed				3.41 (4.16)
LSXFirst-Gen				45.07 (23.86)
LSXSecond-Gen				58.49 (34.76)
LSXMixed				12.99 (26.07)
Mean School Int.	361.42* (27.91)	337.43* (27.66)	340.55* (27.34)	300.02* (28.55)
School Var.	3439.65	3081.80	2948.13	1090.69
Student Var.	3831.75	3771.34	3734.39	3739.78
N	29573	29573	29573	29573
Deviance	1247638	1245543	1244257	1240724