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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2012 Dec 31;112(4):633–639. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.275602

Figure 4. Effect of GSK3β on the rate of force redevelopment.

Figure 4

A. Incubation of skinned human left ventricular tissue from end-stage failing hearts with GSK3β (n=3) led to an increase of Ser133 phosphorylation while Ser304 phosphorylation was unchanged. B The rate of force redevelopment was determined at maximal calcium activation (max ktr) in Triton-permeabilized single cardiomyocytes isolated from left ventricular myocardium from end-stage heart failure patients (4 hearts; 11 cells). GSK3β significantly increased max Ktr, while upon control treatments (in the absence of GSK3β) no effect was found. *P<0.05, before versus after GSK3β in paired Student’s t-test.