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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2013 Jan 10;44(2):469–476. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.669341

Table 1. Patient Risk Factors, Hospital Characteristics and Patient Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity & Socioeconomic Status, 2007.

All acute ischemic discharges for patients aged 18+ in all non-federal hospitals in AZ, CA, FL, MA, NJ, NY, PA and TX

All Race/Ethnicity Socioeconomic Status
Whites Blacks Hispanics Low
Income		 Medium
Income		 High
Income
# admissions 147,780 98,512 20,579 16,927 40,233 38,579 68,968
Patient Risk Factors
Female% 53.7 54.1 56.4 50.2 53.7 53.9 53.4
Age (years), %
   18–64 29.4 23.1 47.5 39.9 34.8 28.8 26.4
   65–74 20.7 19.4 23.8 22.9 21.9 20.7 20.1
   75–84 29.8 33.0 19.4 25.0 26.8 30.3 31.2
   85+ 20.2 24.5 9.2 12.2 16.5 20.1 22.3
Comorbidity, Prevalence, %
   Atrial fibrillation 23.2 27.2 12.3 15.4 19.7 22.9 25.3
   Hypertension 77.6 75.0 85.6 80.8 79.2 77.5 76.7
   Diabetes 34.2 28.9 44.4 49.2 39.0 34.5 31.2
   Coronary Heart Disease 27.5 29.7 21.6 24.4 26.8 28.2 27.5
   Congestive Heart Failure 13.7 14.2 14.8 11.8 14.1 13.8 13.5
   Charlson Score
      0 47.8 47.7 46.2 48.7 46.6 47.5 48.7
      1 14.6 15.7 12.8 12.8 14.6 15.0 14.4
      2 24.1 23.0 26.9 26.3 25.0 24.0 23.7
      3+ 13.4 13.6 14.1 12.1 13.8 13.6 13.1
Socioeconomic Status (patient residence zip code), %
      Low Income Area 27.2 19.6 50.8 43.7
      Medium Income Area 26.1 27.5 21.5 24.5
      High Income Area 46.7 52.9 27.7 31.8
Race and Ethnicity, %
      Whites, non-Hispanic 48.0 70.2 75.6
      Blacks, non-Hispanic 26.0 11.5 8.3
      Hispanic 18.4 10.7 7.8
Hospital Characteristics
# hospitals 1,282 1,248 954 892 1,076 1,160 1,089
Bed size (# inpatient beds), %
   <= 199 75.2 78.0 72.6 63.7 23.3 28.8 22.2
   200 to 499 15.0 14.1 13.6 23.1 48.6 50.7 52.9
   >= 500 9.8 7.9 13.8 13.2 28.1 20.5 24.9
ICU beds, %
   <= 14 24.2 26.3 16.5 23.1 29.6 34.0 28.1
   15 to 36 51.2 52.0 47.9 50.9 33.1 36.5 40.9
   >= 37 24.7 21.8 35.5 26.0 37.3 29.6 31.0
Nursing staff (# patients/nurse), %
   <= 2 36.6 35.8 37.5 40.1 34.7 33.4 39.6
   2.01 to 3.00 36.4 35.7 36.4 39.4 37.3 36.8 35.5
   3.01 to 4.00 18.5 19.3 17.6 15.4 18.8 19.7 17.6
   > 4.00 8.5 9.2 8.5 5.1 9.2 10.1 7.3
Average daily ED volume (# admissions), %
   <= 80 24.2 25.4 18.8 24.2 25.2 27.9 21.5
   81 to 175 45.9 47.2 40.1 44.4 41.6 44.2 49.4
   >= 176 29.9 27.4 41.1 31.4 33.1 27.9 29.1
Ownership, %
   Non Profit 75.2 78.0 72.6 63.7 71.9 73.3 78.1
   For Profit 15.0 14.1 13.6 23.1 16.6 16.1 13.5
   Government, non-Federal 9.8 7.9 13.8 13.2 11.5 10.7 8.3
Teaching hospital, % 21.8 18.8 34.9 19.4 26.9 18.8 20.5
Safety Net hospital, % 30.6 24.7 41.4 45.2 44.1 30.9 22.6
Patient Outcomes
Inpatient Mortality (%) 5.5 5.8 4.4 4.5 5.5 5.4 5.6
Length of stay
   Days, Mean 6.2 5.9 7.4 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.0
   Frequency of stays > 4 days, % 48.3 46.6 55.2 48.5 51.2 47.4 47.0

Notes:

1)

Of the 147,780 discharges, 11,762 were for "Other" race and ethnicity. Due to heterogeneity of this cohort, characteristics are not reported here. However, the “Other” cohort was included in all the statistical analyses.

2)

Charlson Score excludes congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular and diabetes as these are individually specified

3)

p-value is for the test of comparison across race and ethnicity