Characterization of saw1 mutant defective in interaction with Rad1 or DNA binding. The 3′-flap DNA binding, physical interaction with Rad1, and efficiency of 3′-flap removal were assessed by EMSA, GST pull-down, and plasmid-based 3′-flap removal assays, respectively, as described in Materials and methods. Percent 3′-flap removal efficiency was calculated by scoring % plasmid retention in strains deleted for SAW1 supplemented with wild-type Saw1, or mutant saw1 proteins. NA, not available.