Table 2. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression coefficients for the association between SES and BMI by gender—Ribeirão Preto Cohort Study, 1978/79 and 2004/06.
| n | Mean (s.d.) | Unadjusted Coefficient (95% CI) (model 1)a | P for trend | Adjusted coefficient (95% CI) (model 2)b | P for trend | Adjusted coefficient (95% CI) (model 3)c | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg m−2) | ||||||||
| Women | ||||||||
| Childhood SES | <0.001 | 0.314 | 0.211 | |||||
| Low (1.6–2.4) | 314 | 24.2 (5.3) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Medium (3.2–4.4) | 273 | 23.7 (4.9) | −0.52 (−1.32; 0.27)) | −0.20 (−1.05; 0.64) | −0.29 (−1.15; 0.56) | |||
| High (6.4–12.8) | 267 | 22.7 (4.4) | −1.49 (−2.29;−0.69) | −0.44 (−1.38; 0.50) | −0.56 (−1.51; 0.39) | |||
| P for gender interaction | <0.001 | 0.074 | 0.076 | |||||
| Adult SES | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Low (2.1–4.4) | 376 | 24.4 (5.8) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Medium (4.7–13.7) | 343 | 23.8 (4.7) | −0.61 (−1.35; 0.13) | −0.47 (−1.30; 0.36) | −0.49 (−1.32; 0.35) | |||
| High (13.9–20) | 256 | 22.3 (4.2) | −2.02 (−2.83;−1.22) | −2.15 (−3.11;−1.19) | −2.32 (−3.31;−1.33) | |||
| P for gender interaction | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003 | |||||
| Men | ||||||||
| Childhood SES | 0.007 | 0.015 | 0.031 | |||||
| Low (1.6–2.4) | 268 | 24.5 (4.1) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Medium (3.2–4.4) | 291 | 25.0 (4.4) | 0.45 (−0.29; 1.19) | 0.54 (−0.24; 1.32) | 0.51 (−0.27; 1.29) | |||
| High (6.4–12.8) | 273 | 25.5 (4.8) | 1.03 (0.28; 1.78) | 1.03 (0.18; 1.88) | 0.92 (0.06; 1.78) | |||
| P for gender interaction | <0.001 | 0.074 | 0.076 | |||||
| Adult SES | 0.679 | 0.501 | 0.43 | |||||
| Low (2.1–4.4) | 301 | 25.0 (4.7) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Medium (4.7–13.7) | 286 | 24.9 (4.5) | −0.11 (−0.84; 0.62) | −0.48 (−1.29; 0.33) | −0.51 (− 1.32; 0.29) | |||
| High (13.9–20) | 344 | 25.1 (4.3) | 0.14 (−0.56; 0.83) | −0.29 (−1.11; 0.53) | −0.34 (−1.17; 0.49) | |||
| P for gender interaction | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003 | |||||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SES, socioeconomic status.
a
Unadusted model (Model 1 (childhood SES or adult SES)).
b
Mutually adjusted model (Model 2=Model 1 for Childhood SES+model 1 for adult SES).
c
Fully adjusted model (Model 3=Model 2+health behaviours+birthweight). Health behaviours include total calorie intake, percent fat in diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity.