Figure 5.

The effect of Sub-A on p53 regulation and ATF3 expression. (a) Sub-A increased the level and phosphorylation of p53. Sub-A increased the ATF3 expression at (b) mRNA and (c) protein levels. Cells were treated with 30 μM Sub-A for the indicated times, and the amounts of mRNA and protein were assessed by qRT-PCR and immunoblot assay, respectively. Each value was the mean ± SD of three determinations. The asterisk indicated a significant difference between Sub-A-treated cells and the controls (P < 0.05, by ANOVA with Student's t-test post hoc).