Table 2.

Factor loadings for academic engagement

	Cronbach’s α	Factor loading
Academic engagement	0.75
Asked questions in class		0.73
Discussed grades or assignments with the instructor		0.71
Attended my professor’s office hours		0.69
Participated in class discussions		0.59
Tutored other students in this class		0.57
Reviewed class material before it was covered		0.53
Attended review or help sessions to enhance understanding of the content of the course		0.46
Studied with other students from this course		0.38

Note. The scale for each the first seven items ranged from 1 = never to 5 = very often; the scale for “studied with other students from this course” ranged from 1 = 0 h per week to 13 = more than 10 h per week