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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2013 Mar 1;112(5):863–874. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.279315

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A. A single bi-atrial spiral wave (rotor) drives the arrhythmia (white arrows). 100 ms of AF are depicted in the map (right posterior and anterior views). Black line marks the inter-atrial septum. B. Body surface potential maps at the two instances during AF marked on the ECG lead II at the bottom. Note the low voltages and simple (single-maximum) potential distribution, a consequence of the smoothing effect of the torso volume conductor. LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein. LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein. RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein. RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein. RA = right atrium. RAA = right atrial appendage. LA = left atrium. LAA = left atrial appendage. TV = tricuspid valve. MV = mitral valve. Online Movie II shows this repetitive pattern. Adapted from reference 56 with permission.