Table 2. Univariate and multivariate associations between inflammatory markers and health-related variables, personality traits and deprivation grouping, and the interaction of personality and deprivation.
| Independent variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
| Estimate (95% CI) | p | pinteraction | Estimate (95% CI) | p | pinteraction | |||
| 2a Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | ||||||||
| Deprivation status (MD vs LD) | 0.428 (0.326, 0.529) | <0.001 | 0.205 (0.098, 0.311) | <0.001 | ||||
| Age | 0.221 (0.159, 0.284) | <0.001 | 0.192 (0.137, 0.247) | <0.001 | ||||
| Gender (Male vs. Female) | 0.053 (−0.053, 0.160) | 0.327 | ||||||
| Education (total years) | −0.038 (−0.052, −0.024) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Current smoker (Yes vs. No) | 0.392 (0.277, 0.508) | <0.001 | 0.385 (0.268, 0.502) | <0.001 | ||||
| Alcohol (units per week) | 0.002 (−0.001, 0.005) | 0.252 | ||||||
| Diet score | −0.002 (−0.003, −0.001) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Activity (Active vs. Inactive) | −0.224 (−0.329, −0.118) | <0.001 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.048 (0.039, 0.057) | <0.001 | 0.046 (0.037, 0.055) | <0.001 | ||||
| GHQ Depression score | 0.067 (0.026, 0.108) | 0.001 | ||||||
| NART error score | 0.018 (0.012, 0.024) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Neuroticism (N) | MD: −0.019 (−0.039, 0.001) | 0.058 | 0.003 | MD: −0.022 (−0.040, −0.005) | 0.012 | 0.001 | ||
| LD: 0.026 (0.004, 0.048) | 0.020 | LD: 0.021 (0.001, 0.040) | 0.035 | |||||
| Extraversion (E | MD: −0.008 (−0.029, 0.013) | 0.436 | 0.215 | |||||
| LD: 0.010 (−0.011, 0.031) | 0.329 | |||||||
| Psychoticism (P) | MD: 0.034 (−0.002, 0.071) | 0.067 | 0.568 | |||||
| LD: 0.015 (−0.039, 0.069) | 0.581 | |||||||
| 2b C-reactive protein (CRP) | ||||||||
| Deprivation status (MD vs LD) | 0.581 (0.411, 0.750) | <0.001 | 0.102 (−0.107, 0.311) | 0.339 | ||||
| Age | 0.225 (0.120, 0.331) | <0.001 | 0.173 (0.077, 0.269) | <0.001 | ||||
| Gender (Male vs. Female) | −0.138 (−0.313, 0.038) | 0.123 | ||||||
| Education (total years) | −0.079 (−0.102, −0.056) | <0.001 | −0.027 (−0.054, −0.001) | 0.040 | ||||
| Current smoker (Yes vs. No) | 0.364 (0.170, 0.559) | <0.001 | 0.369 (0.166, 0.572) | <0.001 | ||||
| Alcohol (units per week) | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.002) | 0.176 | ||||||
| Diet score | −0.002 (−0.004, −0.0003) | 0.021 | ||||||
| Activity (Active vs. Inactive) | −0.228 (−0.403, −0.053) | 0.011 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.089 (0.075, 0.104) | <0.001 | 0.087 (0.072, 0.102) | <0.001 | ||||
| GHQ Depression score | 0.129 (0.063, 0.195) | <0.001 | ||||||
| NART error score | 0.033 (0.023, 0.043) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Neuroticism (N) | MD: 0.005 (−0.028, 0.038) | 0.779 | 0.012 | MD: −0.016 (−0.050, 0.018) | 0.351 | 0.004 | ||
| LD: 0.069 (0.032, 0.106) | <0.001 | LD: 0.054 (0.020, 0.089) | 0.002 | |||||
| Extraversion (E) | MD: −0.027 (−0.062, 0.008) | 0.132 | 0.014 | MD: −0.021 (−0.057, 0.014) | 0.240 | 0.044 | ||
| LD: 0.035 (0.000, 0.070) | 0.048 | LD: 0.028 (−0.004, 0.060) | 0.090 | |||||
| Psychoticism (P) | MD: 0.043 (−0.019, 0.105) | 0.173 | 0.809 | |||||
| LD: 0.029 (−0.062, 0.121) | 0.529 | |||||||
| 2c. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) | ||||||||
| Deprivation status (MD vs LD) | 0.248 (0.210, 0.287) | <0.001 | 0.079 (0.031, 0.128) | 0.001 | ||||
| Age | 0.033 (0.007, 0.059) | 0.013 | ||||||
| Gender (Male vs. Female) | 0.006 (−0.037, 0.050) | 0.768 | ||||||
| Education (total years) | −0.025 (−0.030, −0.020) | <0.001 | −0.007 (−0.013, −0.002) | 0.011 | ||||
| Current smoker (Yes vs. No) | 0.309 (0.267, 0.351) | <0.001 | 0.243 (0.196, 0.290) | <0.001 | ||||
| Alcohol (units per week) | 0.000 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.944 | ||||||
| Diet score | −0.001 (−0.002, −0.001) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Activity (Active vs. Inactive) | −0.082 (−0.125, −0.039) | <0.001 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.006 (0.002, 0.010) | 0.002 | 0.006 (0.003, 0.010) | <0.001 | ||||
| GHQ Depression score | 0.037 (0.021, 0.054) | <0.001 | ||||||
| NART error score | 0.009 (0.007, 0.012) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Neuroticism (N) | MD: 0.003 (−0.005, 0.010) | 0.443 | 0.982 | |||||
| LD: 0.003 (−0.006, 0.011) | 0.508 | |||||||
| Extraversion (E) | MD: −0.006 (−0.014, 0.002) | 0.148 | 0.100 | |||||
| LD: 0.004 (−0.004, 0.012) | 0.376 | |||||||
| Psychoticism (P) | MD: 0.022 (0.009, 0.036) | 0.002 | 0.947 | All: 0.016 (0.006, 0.027) | 0.002 | |||
| LD: 0.023 (0.003, 0.044) | 0.026 | |||||||
| 2d. Fibrinogen | ||||||||
| Deprivation status (MD vs LD) | 0.265 (0.155, 0.375) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Age | 0.167 (0.100, 0.233) | <0.001 | 0.142 (0.079, 0.205) | <0.001 | ||||
| Gender (Male vs. Female) | −0.136 (−0.247, −0.025) | 0.017 | −0.141 (−0.244, −0.038) | 0.007 | ||||
| Education (total years) | −0.029 (−0.043, −0.014) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Current smoker (Yes vs. No) | 0.0.252 (0.128, 0.376) | <0.001 | 0.340 (0.222, 0.457) | <0.001 | ||||
| Alcohol (units per week) | −0.002 (−0.005, 0.001) | 0.256 | ||||||
| Diet score | 0.000 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.890 | ||||||
| Activity (Active vs. Inactive) | −0.103 (−0.215, 0.008) | 0.069 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.039 (0.029, 0.049) | <0.001 | 0.041 (0.031, 0.050) | <0.001 | ||||
| GHQ Depression score | 0.054 (0.011, 0.097) | 0.014 | ||||||
| NART error score | 0.013 (0.006, 0.019) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Neuroticism (N) | MD: 0.001 (−0.020, 0.022) | 0.943 | 0.089 | |||||
| LD: 0.028 (0.005, 0.052) | 0.018 | |||||||
| Extraversion (E) | MD: −0.020 (−0.043, 0.002) | 0.074 | 0.246 | |||||
| LD: −0.002 (−0.024, 0.021) | 0.882 | |||||||
| Psychoticism (P) | MD: 0.027 (−0.013, 0.067) | 0.182 | 0.523 | |||||
| LD: 0.004 (−0.054, 0.063) | 0.890 | |||||||
The outcome of initial univariate analysis shows associations between inflammatory marker and independent variables including the interactions of neuroticism (N), extraversion (E) and psychoticism (P) with deprivation status. Multivariate model determined by backward stepwise regression.
a
BMI (body mass index).
b
Depression = depression sub-scale of GHQ-28.
c
NART (National Adult Reading Test).