Table 2.

Factors associated with PCPs’ beliefs in overuse of blood and imaging tests for breast cancer surveillance

PCP (N=822)		Blood Tests			Imaging Tests
		All Tests vs. None	1–2 Tests vs. None	p	CXR vs. None	ADI±CXR vs. None	p
Practice Characteristics
Practice size	1	1.0	1.0	.02
	2–5	0.42 (0.21, 0.85)	0.64 (0.32, 1.28)
	≥ 6	0.36 (0.17, 0.73)	0.46 (0.24, 0.90)
Breast cancer patient volume	0–5/year				1.0	1.0	.04
	6–15/year				1.00 (0.63, 1.60)	1.03 (0.54, 1.97)
	16–25/year				0.55 (0.30, 1.01)	0.95 (0.53, 1.69)
	≥ 26/year				0.48 (0.29, 0.80)	0.78 (0.44, 1.39)
Employment arrangement	Full/Part owner	1.0	1.0	.04
	Employee physician owned	0.85 (0.35, 2.09)	1.60 (0.72, 3.58)
	Employee-large group, HMO	0.37 (0.18, 0.78)	0.55 (0.29, 1.05)
	Employee-university practice	0.39 (0.11, 1.46)	0.68 (0.23, 1.98)
	Other	0.46 (0.22, 0.94)	0.39 (0.20, 0.80)
MSA	All other MSAs				1.0	1.0	<.001
	1 million				1.38 (0.92, 2.05)	0.49 (0.34, 0.72)

Multivariable analyses weighted to the US physician population and adjusted for age, race, sex, income, country of training, EMR use, proportion of uninsured patients, teaching hospital affiliation, self efficacy, perceived ambiguity, defensive medicine, use of survivorship care plans, involvement in cancer surveillance testing, and role communication—none of which showed significant associations with overuse beliefs

CXR = Chest X-ray; ADI = Advanced Diagnostic Imaging (bone scan, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan); MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area

Data source: Survey of Physician Attitudes Regarding the Care of Cancer Survivors (SPARCCS)