Fig. 1. CL biosynthetic and remodeling pathways. The indicated reactions of CL biosynthetic pathway are catalyzed by the following enzymes: CTP-phosphatidic acid cytidylytransferase (CPC), phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase (PGS), phosphatidylglycerolphosphate phosphatase (PP), and CL synthase (CLS). In addition to CL synthesis, CLS is also involved in phosphatidylglycerol remodeling by catalyzing acylation of lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) to phosphatidylglycerol. Phosphatidylglycerol remodeling can also by catalyzed by LPG acyltransferase (LPGAT1). The CL remodeling pathway is catalyzed by phospholipase (cPLA) and acyl-CoA:lysoCL acyltransferase (ALCAT).