. 2010 Mar;24(2):87–99. doi: 10.1016/S1674-8301(10)60016-4

Table 2. Pharmacological interventions to tackle cognitive deficits in DS.

Pharmacological Compound	Cognitive Effect	References
Donepezil	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Donepezil	Limited success in DS patients	Spiridigliozzi et al., 2007[70]; Johnson et al., 2003[73]; Lott et al., 2002[74]; Prasher et al., 2002[75]
ECGC	Natural polyphenol
ECGC	Attenuates cognitive deficits arising from DYRK1A overexpression	Guedj et al., 2009[79]
Fluoxetine	Anti-depressant
Fluoxetine	Prenatal treatment rescues impairments in neurogenesis	Clark et al., 2006[83]
L-DOPS or Xamoterol	Norepinephrine prodrug β₁ Adrenergic receptor partial antagonist
L-DOPS or Xamoterol	Improves hippocampal-based contextual learning deficits in Ts65Dn	Salehi et al., 2009[77]
Lithium	Mood stabilizer
Lithium	Prenatal treatment rescues impairments in neurogenesis	Bianchi et al., 2009[82]
Memantine	Non-competitive NMDAR antagonist
	Improves learning in Ts65Dn	Costa et al., 2008[68]
	Currently undergoing clinical trial in DS patients	Mohan et al., 2009[69]
NAPVSIPQ & SALLRSIPA	Neuroprotective peptides
NAPVSIPQ & SALLRSIPA	Prenatal treatment reverses developmental and glial deficits	Toso et al., 2008[84]
Picrotoxin or Pentlenetetrazole	GABA(A) receptor antagonists
Picrotoxin or Pentlenetetrazole	Improves hippocampal-based learning and LTP deficits in Ts65Dn mouse model	Kleschevnikov et al., 2004[92];Fernandez et al., 2007[66];Reuda et al., 2008[67]
Vitamin E	Antioxidant
	Partially rescues cognitive and morphological abnormalities in Ts65Dn	Lockrow et al., 2009[80]
	Reduces oxidation state of S100β
		Bialowas-McGoey et al., 2008[81]