Table 1. Distributions of selected variables between prostate cancer cases and cancer-free controls.
| Variables | Cases (n = 406) |
Controls (n = 408) |
Pa |
| n(%) | n(%) | ||
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 69.4 ± 6.6 | 69.3 ± 5.5 | 0.916 |
| < 70 | 183 (45.1) | 202 (49.5) | 0.205 |
| ≥ 70 | 223 (54.9) | 206 (50.5) | |
| Smoking status | 0.001 | ||
| Never | 163 (40.2) | 205 (50.3) | |
| Ever | 243 (59.8) | 203 (49.7) | |
| Pack-years ≤ 28 | 110(27.1) | 115(28.2) | |
| Pack-years > 28 | 133 (32.7) | 88 (21.5) | |
| Alcohol drinking | 0.029 | ||
| Never | 284 (70.0) | 313 (76.7) | |
| Ever | 122 (30.0) | 95 (23.3) | |
| Family history of cancers | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 291 (71.7) | 342 (83.8) | |
| Yes | 115 (28.3) | 66 (16.2) | |
| Clinical stage | |||
| Localized | 218 (53.7) | ||
| Advanced | 188 (46.3) | ||
| Gleason (score) | |||
| < 7 | 173 (42.6) | ||
| = 7 | 106 (26.1) | ||
| > 7 | 127 (31.3) | ||
| PSA (ng/mL) | |||
| ≤ 20 | 170 (41.9) | ||
| >20 | 236 (58.1) |
a T-test for age distributions between the cases and controls; two-sided χ2 test for the other selected variables between the cases and controls. PSA: prostate specific antigen.