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. 2013 Feb 27;9(3):246–255. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.5762

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Sublethal effect on feeding behavior of sublethal and low-lethal insecticide concentrations. Means (±SEM) of minutes spent by Bemisia tabaci females before the first (a) probing (waveforms A, B, C and Pd) and (b) phloem (waveform E) activities, during the 6-h behavioral bioassay conducted on leaves treated with sublethal and low-lethal concentrations of the four tested insecticides. Means for treatment bearing asterisks differed from the untreated control at P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by HSD test.